Pila Historical Calendar

22 June

2007-06-22T03:13:00.000-07:00

1759

Miguel Lino de Ezpeleta, bishop of Cebu, is appointed governor-general (ad interim) of the Philippines.

1892

Rizal comes to Manila from Hongkong and stays at the Oriente Hotel.

1900

General Arthur MacArthur invites Apolinario Mabini, who is in jail to an interview and tells him that should he submit to the terms of the amnesty proclamation, he will be set free.

1957

Republic Act No. 1808, which restores to General Aguinaldo his life pension of P12,000 per annum, is approved

21 June

2007-06-21T03:11:00.000-07:00

1569

Miguel Lopez de Legazpi receives orders to take possession of the Philippines and become first governor. In theory, the Filipinos cease to be free allies and become subjects of Spain.

1574

King Philip II of Spain issues a royal decree confirming the designations of “Insigne y siempre leal Ciudad” and “Nuevo Reino de Castilla” given by Governor Miguel Lopez de Legazpi to the City of Manila and the Island of Luzon, respectively.

1898

General Manuel Tinio and Colonel Tecson subdue the Spanish garrison at San Isidro, Nueva Ecija, and seize 1,050 rifles and 500,000 cartridges.

The Land Tenancy Law is approved by President Aguinaldo.

1899

Tarlac is made the capital of the Philippine Republic

1900

The peace assembly in Manila under Paterno and Bencamino decides to present to the Americans its proposals for peace.

An Amnesty decree is issued by General Arthru MacArthur to all persons who at some time since February 4, 1899 have taken part in the insurrection against the United States.

1901

William H. Taft is appointed first civil governor of the Philippines. During his term, he undertakes the purchase, for the Insular Government the large tracts of agricultural land from the religious orders, and declares them public domain for sale to tenants.

An executive order of the U.S. Secretary of War is issued designating July 4 of this year as the formal change over from military to civil government in the Philippines.

1904

Artemio Ricarte is deported to Hong Kong on board the steamer “Tean” because of his refusal to take the oath of allegiance to the United States.

1915

Birth of Cesar Fernando Basa, pilot and hero of World War II. Died on December 12, 1941.

1947

Creation of Dagupan, Pasay, Lipa, and Ormoc as chartered cities.

20 June

2007-06-20T06:06:00.000-07:00

1582

Bishop Domingo de Salazar writes to the King imploring redress for the injustices and the sufferings endured by the Indians, who are continually oppressed by the Spanish officials. As a result of ill-treatment, the Filipino villages are rapidly being depopulated.

1591

Governor Gomez Peresz Dasmariñas sends a letter to King Philip II complaining of the maltreatment of the Filipinos by the friars.

1686

The King of Spain decrees that education in the Philippines to be free of charge, that teachers be selected from the sacristans or assistants of the parish priest, and that the teaching of Spanish be given greater weight.

1898

Aguinaldo issues rules for the holding of sessions in the different juntas and councils and for the organization of police forces and tribunals, civil records, property, registration, and the census.

Jose Clemente Zulueta establishes La Libertad, a revolutionary newspaper.

1899

The Japanese vessel Nonubiki Maru leaves Nagasaki for the Philippines loaded with 10,000 Murata riffles, 6,000,000 rounds of ammunition, and other war supplies purchased by Mariano Ponce.

19 June

2007-06-19T02:49:00.000-07:00

1662

The Governor of Zamboanga receives an order from Governor-General Manrique de Lara to evacuate the fort of Zamboanga and re-enforce the Manila garrison against the threatened attack of the Chinese pirate Kue-Sing.

1861

Birth in Calamba, Laguna, of Jose Rizal, the national hero.

1894

A royal order gives official recognition to the Red Cross in the Philippines as a beneficent undertaking.

1900

The Republican Party meets in Philadelphia and approves the well-known slogan for the Philippines: “Our authority cannot be less than our responsibility.”

1940

The teaching of the National Language begins in all public and private schools.

1941

A gigantic parade features Manila’s observance of Loyalty Day, headed President Quezon.

1943

The KALIBAPI elects twenty members of the Preparatory Commission for Philippine Independence (PCPI). This body is charged with the task of framing a constitution for the Japanese-sponsored Republic headed by Dr. Jose P. Laurel.

1944

A naval and air battle ensues between American and Japanese forces on the Philippine Sea.

1950

A reconstruction of the Rizal house in Calamba, Laguna is inaugurated with President Elpidio Quirino as principal speaker.

1961

The nation celebrates the centenary of the birth of Dr. Jose Rizal.

1965

Republic Act No. 4346 providing for the changing of the name of the town of Bailen, Cavite, to “Emilio Aguinaldo” municipality, is approved by President Diosdado Macapagal.

18 June

2007-06-18T05:46:00.000-07:00

1758

A royal cedula is issued exempting for all time all Catholic residents of the Diocese of Nueva Segovia, which includes Pangasinan, Ilocos Sur, Cagayan, and Zambales, from payment of the tribute.

1898

Aguinaldo issues a decree reorganizing the municipal and provincial governments of the Philippines. The government of every town shall have a chief; each barrio, a headman; and, in addition, there shall be elected three delegates – one for justice and civil registry; one for police, and internal order, and one for taxes and property

1899

Apolinario Mabini writes to Felipe Buencamino: “My character is not suited to the restless life of the politician – a life that I have led only out of necessity.”

1900

Filipino police units are organized and armed.

1908

The University of the Philippines is established by Act. No. 1870.

20 March

2007-03-20T23:16:00.000-07:00

1596

King Felipe II gives the city of Manila a second coat-of-arms. It is more to the liking of the Spaniards than the first.

1784

Gov.-Gen. Jose Basco y Vargas issues a decree forbidding the confiscation of farmers' lands, carabaos, and farm implements by creditors, as well as the farmer's arrest or imprisonment while planting or harvesting their crops.

1896

Andres Bonifacio decrees that all town presidents of the Katipunan districts must hand in their collections to their respective provincial presidents who, in turn, must submit them to the supreme government of the Katipunan.

1899

Commanded by Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo, 25,000 well-armed revolutionary troops construct trenches at Marilao. His disciplined soldiers keep an impressive line of defense that stretches all the way from Marilao to Malolos.
In Malolos, Bulacan, “El Heraldo Filipino,” a newspaper of the Philippine Revolutionary Government, publishes the letter of Premier Apolinario Mabini to Don Galicano Apacible, chairman of the Filipino Junta in Hongkong. It reads in part: "The American soldiers, with their variety of arms, up to now cannot be said to have surpassed us in strength; and although they have made gains, they had difficulty in obtaining them. They will try to capture Malolos, believing perhaps that once Malolos falls, the war will end; not thinking that this is as great a mistake as in the case of the other territories they have captured. The people greatly desire to use guerrilla warfare in the hope of infiltrating the provinces. Since they are more or less scattered, it will be easy to destroy (the Americans), troop by troop.”

1900

Gen. Manuel Tinio orders the execution of all revolutionary officials who fail to report to the nearest guerrilla commander the movements and plans of the American imperialist troops.

30 September

2006-09-30T03:34:00.000-07:00

1617

Jeronimo de Silva arrives and takes charge of the military affairs of the Philippines. He wins a victory over seven Dutch vessels off Corregidor.

1639

A royal cedula is issued providing that the inspection, weighing, and measuring of merchandise on board the galleons must be resorted to only when complaints are made about cargo exceeding its legal value.

1876

Birth of Sofia R. de Veyra, social worker, educator, secretary of the Asociacion Feminista and director of the Woman's Board of Saint Paul's Hospital. Died on January 1, 1953.

1891

Dr. Jose Rizal, in his essay "Filipinas Dentro de cien años," which appears for the first time in La Solidaridad at Madrid, exhorts Spain to give more rights to Filipinos, or she will surely lose the Philippines.

1896

A royal order is issued committing Rizal, to the garrison of Alhucemas, where he is to stay as a deportee.

Skirmishes with Spanish forces takes place in Marikina, Muntinglupa and other points close to Cavite, with the Filipinos winning the engagements.

The revolutionaries of San Mateo and Bosoboso joining forces with those of Binangonan, attack Cainta, and capture all the weapons and ammunition in the town hall.

1962

President Diosdado Macapagal issues an executive order implementing R.A. 2717, otherwise known as the Electrification Administration Act, to provide electricity to every town and reduce the cost of electric power for industrial development.

29 September

2006-09-29T03:42:00.000-07:00

1762

Governor Rojo personally commands a surprise attack by 500 Filipinos and a number of Spanish residents on the British.

1898

The island of Burias is placed under the Revolutionary Government by General Ananias Diokno, its seat being in San Pascual.

The first number of El Heraldo de la Revolucion is issued at Malolos, Bulacan. As the official publication, of the Malolos Congress, it prints and publishes the decrees, proclamations, and accounts of the proceedings of the Congress.

The declaration of independence of the Philippines is ratified by the Revolutionary Congress at Malolos, Bulacan.

Dr. T.H. Pardo de Tavera is appointed honorary member of the Board of Health of Manila by General Elwell S. Otis.

1900

Mabini prepares a memorandum to General MacArthur stating that independence is the ideal nearest to the hearts of the great majority of the Filipinos, "with the limitations imposed by the Americans and accepted by the Filipinos."

1901

In retaliation for the attacks and threats made by the American soldiers on the people of Balangiga, Samar, the townspeople attack them while they are having breakfast at their quarters in the convent house, killing 45 soldiers and 3 officers.

28 September

2006-09-28T03:44:00.000-07:00

1678

Juan Vargas begins his administration as governor-general of the Philippines. He rebuilds the College of Santa Potenciana in Manila.

1762

Father Miguel Brañas, O.S.A., chosen by the Governor to lead the Filipino troops from San Fernando to Bangcusay, succeeds in bringing into the city new reinforcements composed of 1,000 Tagalogs and 4,000 Pampangos.

1898

The President of the provisional government of Albay, Anacleto Solano, sends a message of adhesion to General Emilio Aguinaldo, President of the Philippine Republic.

1901

General Jacob H. Smith invades the province of Samar and carries out his famous order to burn and kill, evan children 10 years of age, and convert the unfortunate province into a "howling wilderness." This is the so-called "Balangiga Affair."

1910

Birth of Wenceslao Q. Vinzons, delegate to Constitutional Convention, governor of Camarinez Norte and patriot. He died on July 8, 1942.

1965

An eruption of Taal volcano kills about 2,000 persons, wipes out an entire barrio an destroys 10 other sitios.

27 September

2006-09-27T03:51:00.000-07:00

1800

A royal decree authorizes Admiral Ignacio Maria de Alava to establish a naval bureau in Manila with full command and jurisdiction of the navy in the Philippines. This bureau takes charge of the management of the Cavite shipyard, the construction of the vessel, and the naval defense of the Philippines.

1840

Birth of Cosme Abaya, a Roman Catholic Priest, one of the supporters of Father Jose Burgos in the secularization movement, in Candon, Ilocos Sur. Died on June 4, 1908.

1853

Birth of Benito Legarda, statesman, Vice-President of the Malolos Congress, member of the Philippine Commission, and one of the resident commissioners sent to the United
States. Died on August 27, 1915.

1865

Birth of General Malvar, farmer, businessman, Batangas revolutionary leader and the last general to surrender to the Americans. Died on October 13, 1911.

1965

The Miguel Malvar Centenary Year is celebrated under the sponsorship of the National Historical Commission.

26 September

2006-09-26T04:11:00.000-07:00

1762

Archers from Pampanga, Bulacan and Laguna are employed by the Spanish government against the British invaders but to no avail.

1890

Filipino residents in Madrid send a Memorial to the government protesting the abuses of the Spaniards and friars in Calamba.

1898

Gregorio Araneta is appointed Secretary of Justice and Felipe Buencamino, Secretary of Development of the Aguinaldo Cabinet.

The following leaders compose the Philippine military hierarchy: Emilio Aguinaldo, President; Baldomero Aguinaldo, Secretary of War; Antonio Luna, Director; Artemio Ricarted, Vito Belarmino, Emiliano Riegos de Dios – Generals of Division; Tomas Mascardo, Pantaleon Garcia, Mariano Llanera, Mariano Noriel, Isidro Torres, Miguel Malvar, and Paciano Rizal – Brigadier-Generals.

25 September

2006-09-25T04:14:00.000-07:00

1879

Birth of Lope K. Santos, foremost Tagalog grammarian, writer, labor leader and politician, founder of Taliban ng Inang Wika and Kapatirang Alagad ni Bonifactio, Inc., in Pasig, Rizal. Died on May 1, 1963.

1898

The Filipino Congress assembles in the church at Barasoain to perfect the organization of the Filipino government.

1902

President Roosevelt orders the formulation of the Philippine Census Office.

1903

Simeon Arboleda Ola, revolutionary leader of Guinobatan, Albay, surrenders to Colonel Harry H. Banholtz.

1943

The National Assembly of the Japanese occupation government holds a general session to elect its Speaker and the President of the Republic. Benigno A. Aquino, is chosen Speaker and Jose P. Laurel, President.

24 September

2006-09-24T04:16:00.000-07:00

1559

Convinced that the Philippines is situated within the Spanish zone marked out by the 1493 demarcation lines, Philip II, of Spain, decides to send one more expedition to the Philippines. He instructs the Viceroy of Mexico to fit out two ships for the purpose, insisting that the latter avoid sailing the ships to Moluccas.

1669

Manuel de Leon takes possession of the Philippines as new governor-general. During his time the seeds of "cacao" are brought to the Philippines and planted in Carigara, Leyte.

1716

Eruption of Taal Volcano

1762

After their demand for the surrender of Manila is rejected, the British troops attack and bombard the Walled City. From the bastion of San Diego and San Andres, Spanish guns retaliate throughout the day but without success. General Draper assures Filipinos and mestizos that they will not be harmed, unless they make common cause with the Spaniards in the fight, and promises to exempt women and children from tribute.

1856

Establishment of the town of Legazpi.

23 September

2006-09-23T04:17:00.000-07:00

1762

Two English officers land from the British squadron, which arrived on the 22nd, stating that they have orders from their King to take possession of the Islands and to demand the immediate surrender of the Spanish forces. Supported by naval artillery, they occupy the churches of Malate, Ermita, San Juan de Bagumbayan, and Santiago and all houses in the area.

1844

The Spanish King promulgates a royal order providing that only lawyers can be appointed alcaldes mayors.

1898

Felipe Agoncillo, special Philippine envoy, and his secretary Sixto Lopez, arrive in San Francisco on their way to Washington to confer with President McKinley regarding the Philippine case, which is to be discussed in the forthcoming peace conference in Paris.

Evacuation of all Spaniards residing in the Bicol region.

1899

Aguinaldo publishes his pamphlet, the ""True Narrative of the Philippine Revolution" (Reseña Verdica de la Revolucion Filipina) in Tarlac. It is a litany of charges against the American occupation.

1943

The National Assembly meet in inaugural session at the Legislative Building in Japanese-occupied Manila.

22 September

2006-09-22T04:19:00.000-07:00

1762

Spanish authorities in Manila are caught unaware by the arrival in Manila Bay of a British fleet jointly commanded by Admiral Samuel Cornish and General William Draper.

1774

By a royal decree the Beaterio de Santa Rosa is founded. Mother Paula de la Santisima Trinidad, a native of Cataluña, who arrived in 1750, dedicates herself to the education of girls and starts this foundation. The girls are taught reading and sewing.

1898

The Filipinos capture Albay, then march to Legazpi, forcing the Spaniards to flee.

Some 1,500 Tagalogs land in Antique, bringing with them heavy artillery.

21 September

2006-09-21T04:21:00.000-07:00

1745

A Dominican friar, Juan de Arrechedera, a native of Caracas, and bishop-elect of Nueva Segovia, becomes ad interim governor of the Philippines. He quells the insurrection in Batangas and fortifies Manila and Cavite against the English.

1869

Governor Carlos Maria de la Torre entertains Filipinos at a reception in honor of the promulgation of the new Spanish Constitution in the Philippines.

1891

The Sultan and Datus of Buloung, Cotabato, inform the Spanish authorities that they are willing to acknowledge Spanish rule in their territories. The offer is accepted by the Military Commander of the Parang garrison, thus completing the pacification of the entire district.

1896

Tomas Remigio is arrested by the Spanish authorities because of his revolutionary activities. He is sentenced to 20 years' imprisonment and incarcerated in Barcelona and, later, in Cartagena, Spain.

1898

Dr. T. H. Pardo de Tavera, who is in favor of a Philippine Republic under American protection, says that he is the most ardent defender of that idea and its principal propagandist.

1899

General John C. Bates returns from Jolo after having stationed garrisons of one company each at Siasi and Tawi-Tawi.

1901

All Filipino prisoners in Guam, except Apolinario Mabini, his brother, Artemio Ricarted, and Aquilino Randeza, board the transport "Warren" and sail for Manila.

1944

American planes in great numbers bomb Japanese military installations in Manila and other parts of the Philippines.

20 September

2006-09-20T04:23:00.000-07:00

1763

Execution of Josefa Gabriela Silang, leader, after her husband Diego of a bloody revolt.

1855

A royal order is issued creating the Port of Zamboanga.

1898

Birth in Dingras, Ilocos Norte, of Josefa Escoda, social worker provider of food, clothing, medicine, and comfort to Filipino and American prisoners of war during the Japanese occupation of the Philippines. Died in January, 1945.

1907

Twenty miles of railway are opened for traffic in Cebu.

1924

Canonical coronation of the Virgin of Peñafrancia in Naga City.

1943

The election of the delegates to the Japanese-sponsored National Assembly takes place. One half of them are elected by provincial and municipal officials, who have to choose from the names submitted by the KALIBAPI. The other half is composed of provincial governors and city mayors, who under the new Constitution, are to be ex-officio members of the assembly.

19 September

2006-09-19T04:24:00.000-07:00

1829

Birth of Joaquin Pardo de Tavera, lawyer, doctor of Jurisprudence, professor and councilor of Administration of the Ayutamiento of Manila. Died on March 19, 1884.

1862

The Royal Commissary is created to undertake an extensive survey of conditions in the Philippines, particularly the problems besetting local civil administration.

1900

The Philippine Commission adopts a civil service system which makes appointments to government service dependent on the results of competitive tests.

18 September

2006-09-18T04:25:00.000-07:00

1864

The Santa Isabel College, which was founded by the Hermandad de la Misericordia in 1634 for the support and education of orpan girls, is entrusted to the Sisters of Charity.

1870

The Colegio de Santa Isabel in Nueva Caceres, is founded by Rt. Rev. Francisco C. Cainza and named after Saint Isabel Queen of Hungary.

1891

El Filibusterismo a second novel by Jose Rizal, is printed in Ghent, Belgium.

1898

End of the Spanish politico-government in Catanduanes.

1902

A group of Nacionalistas confer with Governor Taft about the formation of a Democratic Party which will work peacefully for the independence of the Philippines.

1905

Arsenio Cruz Herrera, former delegate to the Malolos Congress, resigns from his position as member of the Municipal Board of Manila.

1935

The election of Manuel L. Quezon and Sergio Osmeña as President and Vice-President, respectively of the Commonwealth of the Philippines is announced by the Congress.

17 September

2006-09-17T04:27:00.000-07:00

1871

Birth of General Francisco Makabulos, Revolutionary leader in La Paz, Tarlac. Died on April 30, 1922.

1898

Uprising of the Guardia Civil in Neuva Caceres.

1899

The gunboat Urdaneta is captured by the Filipinos and her commander and members of the crew killed.

1900

General Juan Cailles defeats Coronel Cheatham's troops in the Battle of Mabitac, Laguna

1901

The tariff laws of the Islands are revised, readjusted and amended.

1935

The first election under the new constitution of the Philippines is held. Manuel L. Quezon is elected President of the Commonwealth.

1944

Mindanao and Visayas, besides Legaspi and Ligao, both in Albay, experience air attacks from the American forces.

16 September

2006-09-16T04:28:00.000-07:00

1635

Death, in Manila, of Fr. Pedro Chirino, Jesuit, historian and author of Relacion de las Islas Filipinas, published in Rome, 1604, and one of the first history books on the Philippines.

1807

The Ilokanos of Piddig, Ilocos Norte, take up arms against the wine monopoly and the government prohibition of the manufacture of basi\, a native rice wine. The uprising was afterwards to be known as the Basi Revolt.

1896

Twenty-two prominent residents of Manila are imprisoned at Fort Santiago. They are Rosario Villaruel, Telesforo Chuidian, Mariano Limjap, Luis R. Yangco, Lorenzo del Rosario, Pedro Casimiro, Ambrosio Salvador, Bonifacio Arevalo, Maximo Paterno, Antonio Salazar, Juan Luna, Antonio Luna, Dr. Jose Luna, Isidro Soto Villaruel, Felipe Zamora, Numeriano Adriano, Ambrosio Flores, Dr. Jose Albert, Isaac Fernando Rios, Marcelino de los Santos, Ambrocio Rianzares Bautista, Nazario Constantino.

A reign of terror takes place in the town of Nueva Caceres (now Naga City).

1898

Benito Legarda is elected Vice-President of the Malolos Congress.

1933

The first bishop of the newly created Diocese of Bacolod, Mons. Casimiro M. Lladoc, is consecrated at Naga, Camarines Sur.

15 September

2006-09-15T04:36:00.000-07:00

1898

Representatives of the provinces meet at Barasoain Church, in Malolos, Bulacan, and convene the revolutionary Congress, which drafts the Constitution of the First Philippine Republic.

La Republica Filipina, founded by Pedro A. Paterno, starts publication.

The Filipino forces withdraw, as requested by General Otis, from the limits of the city of Manila, with exception of the districts of Paco and Pandacan, south of the Pasig river.

1902

The Government telegraph and telephone lines are transferred from the United States Signal Corps to the Civil Government and placed under the charge of the chief of the Philippine Constabulary.

14 September

2006-09-14T04:37:00.000-07:00

1592

A royal decree is issued prohibiting the Governors and the Captain-General from opening letters addressed to private persons.

1608

Shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu writes Governor Rodrigo de Vivero that in Japan, there are neither robbers nor bad men and that if the Japanese in the Philippines commit any form of injustice, Governor Vivero should put them to death.

1815

The historic galleon trade between the Philippines and Mexico is ended.

13 September

2006-09-13T04:39:00.000-07:00

1898

Emilio Aguinaldo sends General Elwell S. Otis a commission of three members to request the American commander to withdraw his ultimatum and to request, instead, compliance with Filipino demands.

1900

Colonel Maximo Abad and his brave band of Filipino guerillas capture a company of American soldiers under the command of Captain James Shields near Santa Cruz, Marinduque.

1907

Macario L. Sakay and Lucio de Vega, the last of the Filipino resistance fighters against the Americans, are hanged for "banditry".

12 September

2006-09-12T04:40:00.000-07:00

1720

The cornerstone of the church of Santa Ana, Manila, is laid by Francisco de la Cuesta, Archbishop of Manila.

1875

Birth of Mariano Riego de Dios, revolutionary leader, in Maragondon, Cavite. Died on February 7, 1935.

1891

Dr. Jose Rizal writes the poem En el Bello Oriente.

1896

Thirteen Filipinos are executed by the Spanish authorities at Plaza de Armas, near Fort of San Felipe, Cavite City. They are Maximo Inocencio, Luis Arguado, Victoriano Luciano, Hugo Perez, Jose Lallana, Antonio San Agustin, Agapito Conchu, Feliciano Cabuco, Maximo Gregorio, Eugenio Cabezas, Severino Lapidario, Alfonso de Ocampo, and Francisco Osorio. They are now know as the Thirteen Martyrs of Cavite.

1898

End of Spanish rule in Camarines Norte.

American officials inform their government that it is no longer possible for Spain, under any circumstance, to regain possession of the Philippines, a point that is essential in determining whether a new, independent nation should be recognized.

1900

The Philippine Commission appropriates P2 million for the construction and repair of roads and bridges in the Philippines.

1907

An Act is passed providing for the segregation of lepers.

11 September

2006-09-11T04:42:00.000-07:00

1632

The authorities of the city of Manila decide to prohibit the entry of all Portuguese from Macao.

1894

Birth of Concepcion A. Aguilla, educator, lawyer, in San Jose, Batangas. She died on December 16, 1958.

10 September

2006-09-10T04:45:00.000-07:00

1763

Gabriela Silang fights a battle with the Spaniards in Vigan.

1875

Birth of Nicolas Zamora, founder of the Iglesia Evangelica Metodista de las Islas Pilipinas.

1898

The capital of the Revolutionary Government moves to Malolos, Bulacan, from Bacoor, Cavite, in view of the danger of an armed clash between the American forces and the revolutionaries.

The American Soldier, a privately owned American newspaper in the Philippines founded by George S. Geis, publishes its first issue in Manila.

American forces reconnoiter the vicinity of Sampaloc provoking General Pantaleon Garcia, who holds this particular line of defense, to report the matter to General Aguinaldo. He is ordered to ask the Americans to leave and to prepare to defend his line against any intrusion.

With the Americans reportedly pressing forward north of the river towards Caloocan and La Loma, Aguinaldo authorizes resistance to secure these positions.

Howard Bray writes Emilio Aguinaldo that General Merritt has intimated to him that the Revolutionary Government should occupy Visayas and Mindanao.

9 September

2006-09-09T03:20:00.001-07:00

1835

Pedro Antonio Salazar Castillo y Varona, native of Ibrillos (Rioja), Spain, and military officer, becomes ad interim governor. He endeavors to develop the cultivation of cotton and tea in the Philippines, but the experiment did not produce material result.

1878

Birth of Sergio Osmeña, Sr., journalist, nationalist, Speaker of the First Philippine Assembly and second President of the Commonwealth, in Cebu. Died on October 19, 1961.

1900

Emilio Aguinaldo invites the townpeople to a luncheon-meeting at the convent of Palanan and speaks to them of their patriotic duties especially with regards to the Americans.

8 September

2006-09-08T03:22:00.000-07:00

1869

Birth of Vicente Ilustre, poet lawyer, propagandist, and patriot, in Taal, Batangas. He died in 1928.

1870

Birth of Adriano Hernandez, musician, delegate to the Malolos Congress, revolutionary general and first Filipino director of the Bureau of Agriculture (now Bureau of Plant Industry). Died on February 16, 1925.

1896

The steamer Isla de Panay, with Dr. Jose Rizal on board, reaches Singapore on its way to Spain and Cuba. Pedro Roxas, a Filipino revolutionary asks Rizal to leave the vessel and join him.

Upon learning of Rizal's history as a radical, the Council of Ministers in Madrid decides to have him imprisoned at Montjuich Castle as soon as he arrives in Barcelona.

1898

General Otis demands the withdrawal of Filipino forces from the entire city of Manila, its suburbs, and defenses.

1902

The Philippine Commission certifies to the President of the United States that peace exists in the Philippines.

The war between the Philippines and the United States is officially declared at an end, but the law against treason and sedition is not repealed.

1950

The diocese of Lucena, Quezon, is established.

1951

The San Francisco Peace Treaty between Japan and 48 Allied Powers, including the Philippines, is signed in San Francisco, California.

1954

The Southeast Asia Treaty Organization is organized with the United States, Great Britain, France, Australia, New Zealand, Pakistan, Thailand and the Philippines as members.

7 September

2006-09-07T03:23:00.000-07:00

1522

Sebastian del Cano arrives at San Lucar de Barrameda with only 18 men after sailing three years with Magellan.

1626

Death of Blas de la Madre de Dios, a Franciscan father, founder of the town of Morong, Rizal, and author of Flora de Filipinas, a dissertation on the medicinal properties of plants in the Philippines.

1840

Birth of Regino Garcia y Basa, artist, botanist and forester, instructor in printing at the University of Santo Tomas and director of walks and gardens and parks for Manila. Died on July 16, 1916.

1946

President Manuel A. Roxas signs RA. No. 14 which changes the name of Tayabas to Quezon, in honor of the late President Quezon.

6 September

2006-09-06T03:24:00.000-07:00

1834

A royal decree opens the Philippines and Manila to international trade.

A royal decree abolishes the Royal Company of the Philippines which was created to encourage trade between Spain and Asian countries, particularly the Philippines and sought to stimulate the development of agriculture and extractive industries, and to carry on its ships, free of charge, professors of natural sciences and exact science coming to the Philippines. The company also bought oriental goods in Manila instead of buying them as it should have, in China or India directly in order to bring down prices. European vessels were allowed to enter Manila for a limited time so that they could bring more Asian goods, which was clear violation of Spain's monopolistic policy. Towards the end of its existence the company suffered financial losses. Because of this the Cortes abolished the company's exclusive privilege in 1820, and abolished the company itself on this date.

1900

Emilio Aguinaldo and his party arrive at Palanan and are enthusiastically welcomed by a large crowd and a brass band.

1901

By virtue of the Philippine Bill of 1902, the organization of the executive department is approved and ratified.

1955

The Laurel-Langley Agreement is approved by both the American and Philippine Governments following its conclusion by Senator Jose P. Laurel and James M. Langley on 15 December 1954. It is put into effect on 1 January 1946

5 September

2006-09-05T03:26:00.000-07:00

1843

A royal decree declares that the central government of the Philippines is composed of Manila, Fort Santiago, Fort San Antonio Abad and the Plaza de Cavite.

1865

A royal decree establishes the government monopoly on tobacco.

4 September

2006-09-04T03:33:00.000-07:00

1813

Jose Gardoqui Jaraveita arrives in Manila and assumes the governorship of the Philippines. Several political uprisings occur, causing the government a great deal of trouble and worry.

1862

Birth of Rosalio Silos, musician composer, patriot and martyr. Died on December 29, 1896.

1896

The first of a series of executions at the Luneta is ordered by the Spanish government. Sancho Valenzuela, Eugenio Silvestre, Modesto Sarmiento, and Ramon Peralta are killed for complicity in the battle of San Juan del Monte.

1898

Emilio Aguinaldo issues an executive proclamation summoning the people to send delegates to the Congress to be held in Malolos, Bulacan, on 15 September.

1909

The first Filipino ever to be raised to an Episcopal seat, Bishop Jorge Barlin Imperial, of the See of Nueva Caceres, dies in Rome.

1943

In the thick of World War II, the Preparatory Committee on Philippine Independence headed by Dr. Jose P. Laurel adopts a Constitution for the Japanese-sponsored Republic of the Philippines.

3 September

2006-09-03T03:36:00.000-07:00

1894

Birth of General Simeon de Jesus, hero of World War II, in Arayat, Pampanga.

In Concepcion, Tarlac, birth of Benigno A. Aquino, lawyer, assemblyman and special Legislative envoy to Washington in 1932. Died on December 20, 1947.

1896

En route to Cuba Dr. Jose Rizal is transferred from the Spanish cruiser Isla de Panay and sails for Spain via Singapore.

1898

La Independencia, the periodical organ of the Revolution, is founded by General Antonio Luna, with Leon Ma. Guerrero, Cecilio Apostol, Jose Palma, Mariano V. del Rosario, Rosa Sevilla, Rafael Palma, Fernando Ma. Guerrero, Salvador V. del Rosario, and Felipe G. Calderon as staff members.

1899

The Spanish lyrics of the Philippine National Anthem are first published in La Independencia.

Filipino police begin to patrol the city of Manila in cooperation with the provost guard. The new force includes many members of the old unit as well as some revolutionaries grown tired of fighting.

1945

General Tomoyuki Yamashita, the so-called "Tiger of Malaya" and Commander of the Japanese forces in the Philippines, formally surrenders in Baguio to the American forces.

The capitulation document for the surrender of the Japanese Imperial Forces is signed by Yamashita and, on the part of the United States, by Major-General E. H. Leahey, personal representative of General Douglas MacArthur, in Tokyo.

2 September

2006-09-02T03:39:00.000-07:00

1559

King Philip II, on the advice of Andres de Urdaneta, orders Luis de Velasco, viceroy of Mexico, to prepare an expedition for the conquest and Christianization of the Philippines.

1802

Birth of Rosalio Serrano, surveyor and lexicographer. Died August 11, 1867.

1865

Birth of Simeon Ola, Katipunero, revolutionary army officer and municipal president of Guinobatan, Albay. Died on February 14, 1952.

Birth of Estanislao de los Reyes, member of the Katipunan and governor of Ilocos Sur. Died on November 10, 1918.

1896

The revolutionary forces of Nueva Ecija, two thousand strong and led by General Mariano Llanera, besiege the Spanish garrison of San Isidro. Theirs leaders are on horseback, the revolutionaries were red ribbons and parade down the main roads to the music of the Cabiao band.

Melchora Aquino, known as "Tandang Sora," is exiled to Guam for complicity with the Revolution.

1898

The First Battalion of the First Dakota Volunteer Infantry, disembarks at Manila.

1899

The revolutionaries make an unsuccessful attempt early in the morning to drive Colonel Smith's command out of Angeles with artillery, the first time in six months that they have attempted to use this weapon. They bring two Krupp guns from Porac and fire eight shells at the town.

1901

The Bureau of Public Lands is created for the administration of the public domain.

1945

The Pacific War ends as Japan formally surrenders.

1 September

2006-09-01T03:41:00.000-07:00

1793

Rafael Maria de Aguillar y Ponce de Leon, Knight of the Order of Alcantara, and a military officer, assumes governorship of the Philippines. He strengthens fortifications, calls into service Filipino troops, introduces various reforms, and establishes a shipyard at Binondo to build boats for war with the Muslims.

1803

A royal decree is issued by King Charles IV ordering the use of smallpox vaccine in the Philippines. The office of Smallpox Vaccine is created by another decree, that of December 20, 1806.

1865

Founding of the Ateneo Municipal de Manila.

1869

Birth of Alejandro Albert, educator, pharmacist and the "Father of Baseball" in the Philippines. Died on December 20, 1936.

1888

The Revista Popular de Filipinas is published by Pascual H. Poblete.

1896

Dr. Pio Valenzuela submits to the Spanish authorities after having failed to see the chief executive in Malacañang. He is granted executive pardon; and freely discloses information concerning the Katipunan, its codes, its plans, and the identity of its leading members.

The leaders of Kawit, Cavite, join the Imus bolomen under Jose Tagle in attacking and capturing the estate house of the friars and barracks of the civil guards in Imus.

1899

The Boletin de la Camara de Commercio Española en Filipinas is published.

1900

Its preliminary task as a fact-finding committee having come to an end, the Taft Commission begins its legislative and executive functions.

1901

Three outspoken pro-American Filipinos – Dr. Trinidad H. Pardo de Tavera, Benito Legarda, Sr., and Jose Luzuriaga are appointed members of the Philippine Commission.

Four members of the Commission are made heads or secretaries of the Executive Departments by the President of the United States. These are: for Commerce and Police, Luke E. Wright; for Finance and Justice, Henry C. Ide; for Public Instruction, Bernard Moses; and for Interior, Dean S. Worcester.

El Renacimiento, an anti-American daily, is published with Martin Ocampo as publisher and Rafael Palma as editor.

The Philippine Normal College, established as a Normal School by Act No. 74 of the Philippine Commission, opens in the Escuela Municipal, Intramuros, Manila.

The Philippine Constabulary detachment for Ambos Camarines is organized by Captain Edward S. Luthi and quartered in Nueva Caceres.

1909

The City of Baguio is founded.

1950

President Elpidio Quirino appoints Ramon Magsaysay Secretary of National Defense.